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Essay about Rap as a language - 2473 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Since its start in the music industry around nineteen eighty-eight rap music has always been under a lot of scrutiny for its lyrics and messages that it portrays. Rap music has a long history starting back to the days of slavery and has come a long way since then bridging gaps between all genres of music including jazz, blues, and basic drum beats. When hip hop first came about its message was simple. It was groups of black men who described the life they were living in the ghettos all over the world. They felt helpless and viewed the government in a very strong negative way based on the lack of help African American’s were given in the contexts of housing, education, and living. As rap music developed and†¦show more content†¦Femininity in Rap music is a movement in self expression. Women have played important roles in hip hop history but have always been back up singers or dancers in a more male dominated field. Feminist researcher Anne Oâ⠂¬â„¢Connell claims that, â€Å"not until the past ten years female rappers have made their mark and gained considerable recognition and respect as artists and lyricists in the field† (O’Connell). The female rap movement spawned from female vocalists in the blues genre. These women sang about exploiting themselves sexually as a means of empowerment. Female rap artists took this idea from their predecessors and took off with this idea of female empowerment in a growing industry of hip hop. In nineteen ninety-five a female rap group by the name of Salt N Pepper came onto the scene and were the first women of the times to be viewed sexually and at the same time rap about being empowered. Their first hit single was a song called â€Å"Shoop† which is a word that is a euphemism for having sex. In the song they say â€Å"I wanna shoop† meaning I want to have sex which was not something typical for female artists to say. This song broke boundaries for women by d isagreeing with the clichà © myth that women should not discuss their sexuality and do not discuss their lust towards men. Pepper starts off in the song by saying, â€Å"What’s your name? No not you! The bow-legged one. Yeah. What’s your name. Damn! ThatShow MoreRelatedRap as a Language2526 Words   |  11 PagesSince its start in the music industry around nineteen eighty-eight rap music has always been under a lot of scrutiny for its lyrics and messages that it portrays. Rap music has a long history starting back to the days of slavery and has come a long way since then bridging gaps between all genres of music including jazz, blues, and basic drum beats. When hip hop first came about its message was simple. It was groups of black men who described the life they were living in the ghettos all over theRead MoreGangster Rappers : Gangster Rap929 Words   |  4 PagesGangster rappers always encourage sex or demeaning women, where some songs are merely produced wit h the purpose of disgracing women. Subject matters in a majority of gangster rap lyrics usually deal with curious situations, as in the portrayal of women as dirty sex toys with no value other than pleasure through looks and intercourse and even inventing words, such as â€Å"bennett,† â€Å"poontang,† and â€Å"thots.† Furthermore, drugs are another topic widely spoken by gangster rappers, where the songs contentsRead MoreHip Hop And Rap Music1505 Words   |  7 PagesSwiss Hip Hop and Rap According to Michael Dyson and Wikipedia, Hip hop music and Hip Hop culture formed during the 1970s when block parties became increasingly popular in New York City. The genre became home to and was developed by African American youth residing in the Bronx. Block parties involved DJs playing very percussive breaks of popular songs Then Rapping developed as the primary vocal style of the genre. Hip hop s early evolution occurred as sampling technology and drum-machines becameRead More Music Essay - America Needs Rap and Hip Hop1366 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica Needs Rap and Hip Hop Ever since it became popular in the late eighties, hip-hop music has been a target of moral disapproval. Many critics have labeled the music as an offensive, vulgar, misogynist form of expression, which negatively influences its listeners, particularly children. Early in rap musics development concerned citizens and various government officials held protests against the release of certain rap albums. Rap musics opponents demanded strict censorship. ButRead MoreUse Of Poetic Devices And Figurative Language1747 Words   |  7 PagesThrough this essay I am going to answer the question: â€Å"To what extent does Eminem use poetic devices and figurative language to convey meaning in his lyrics?†. Marshall Bruce Mathers III, going under the stage name Eminem, is an American rap artist, record producer, and actor goes down as one of the best-selling artists of the early 21st century. He was discovered by Dr. Dre after dropping his second album, The Slim Shady LP. After years of failure, his hard work finally paid off. Living in povertyRead MoreThe Impact Of Rap Music On Today s Society867 Words   |  4 PagesThe impact of rap music in today’s society is extremely substantial. Many Americans listen to rap music, even though different rap artist discuss various issues in their songs, it may influences their fans to do the same. A large amount of rap music contains explicit lyrics that describe illegal activities, aggression, and sexual content. Researchers from Iowa State University and the Texas Department of Human Services found that aggressive music lyrics increase aggressive thought and feelings, mightRead MoreThe Effects Of Rap Music On Social Behavior Essay1693 Words   |  7 Pagestoday, it is highly noticed that the role of rap music messages and video images of violence causes an increase in negative emotions, thoughts and behaviors which could lead to violence amongst youth. Rap music has been at the center of concern in regards to the potential harmful effect of violent media on social behavior amongst youth. This potential behavior could be seen in the music video titled â€Å"Kim† by Eminem. In this music video, the storyline, language and sound encourages hostile thoughts andRead MoreThe Effects Of Rap Songs Sung By Men Speak Of Women1415 Words   |  6 PagesOut of twenty rap songs previously analyzed, the word â€Å"bitch† was said thirty-eight times. Irrespective of those twenty, a striking majority of rap songs sung by men speak of women in an unfavorable way, often reducing them to sex objects. Rap has had a dramatic rise in popularity in recent years, due in large part to the fact that sex sells. The unintended consequence is that female subjects featured in this kind of music are often the ones that suffer the most. Most of the rappers with the greatestRead MoreWhy Country Music is better than Rap687 Words   |  3 PagesIn the world today, music has become a big influence on everyone. With the power of music, each person has the ability to accomplish goals even if the music is country or rap. Most people believe that music can change a person’s mood or behavior which is true. Without music people could not control the way they act. Most music has the power to affect a person’s mood and other music can get them out of control. If music did not exist the world would be tedious. Without having music, people would notRead MoreIs All Rap Music Promoting And Glorifying Crime And Degrading1351 Words   |  6 Pages Is all rap music promoting and glorifying crime and degrading women? This is a question that is asked often and the general consensus is that, yes, it does. Is there any evidence however to back up these claims and are the rappers intending their music to be seen in a negative aggressive way. I don’t necessarily think that rap music does anything but give the musician an outlet for their talent and use topics like women and crime in their songs for commercialization and to create an image that rappers

Civil Liberties Essay Example For Students

Civil Liberties Essay CIVIL LIBERTIES: A LOOK INTO THE FUTUREAfter September 11, 2001, in the United States of America, many aspects of our daily lives have changed. One notable change has been the creation of the Department of Homeland Security. Many bills are being drafted to ensure the safety of the United States. We, as Americans, are going to have to sacrifice many of our civil liberties due to this tragic event. There are many good reasons why these bills are being drafted, but there are also negative effects such as the loss of civil rights. One particular bill being drafted is the USA PATRIOT Act. The USA PATRIOT Act puts the CIA back in the business of spying on Americans. It permits a vast array of information gathering on U.S. citizens from financial transactions, school records, Internet activity, telephone conversations, information gleaned from grand jury proceedings and criminal investigations to be shared with the CIA (and other non-law enforcement officials) even if it pertains to America ns. Most importantly, the information would be shared without a court order. While there is a need to shut down the financial resources used to further acts of terrorism, this legislation goes beyond its stated goal of combating international terrorism and instead reaches into innocent customers personal financial transactions. If the USA PATRIOT Act becomes a law, financial institutions would monitor daily financial transactions even more closely and be required to share information with other federal agencies, including foreign intelligence agencies such as the CIA. Section 358 requires that, in addition to law enforcement, intelligence agencies would also receive suspicious activity reports. These reports are usually about wholly domestic transactions of people in the United States, and do not relate to foreign intelligence information. In addition, Section 358 would allow law enforcement and intelligence agencies to get easy access to individual credit reports in secret. There would be no judicial review and no notice to the person to whom the records rel ate. Through these provisions, the CIA would be put back in the business of spying on Americans, and law enforcement and intelligence agencies would have a range of personal financial information without ever showing good cause as to why such information is relevant to a particular investigation. Since September 11, Federal, state, and local law enforcement officials have faced few barriers in accessing student information. According to the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers, about 200 colleges and universities have turned over student information to the FBI, INS, and other law enforcement officials. Investigators have accessed information about foreign exchange students, students in particular fields of study, including flight training, and students of particular ethnicities, including US citizens. However, law enforcement officials want even easier access to a broader range of student information. Section 508 of the USA PATRIOT Act would allow la w enforcement to access the student data collected for the purpose of statistical research under the National Education Statistics Act (NESA). The NESA includes a vast amount of identifiable student information and -until now- has been held to strict confidentiality requirements without exception. While the bill requires a court order, it would be issued based on a mere certification that the records are relevant to an investigation. This standard is insufficient to protect the privacy of sensitive information contained in student records. The USA PATRIOT Act permits a wide sharing of sensitive information gathered in criminal investigations by law enforcement agencies with intelligence agencies including the CIA and the NSA. Section 203(a) of the bill would permit law enforcement agents to provide to the CIA foreign intelligence and counterintelligence information revealed to a grand jury. No court order would be required. As a result, the foreign intelligence information about Americans that could be shared with the CIA is not necessarily information to protect against attacks, or is necessary to the national defense or security of the United States. Section 203(b) would permit law enforcement officers to share with the CIA intercepts of telephone and Internet conversations. Again, no court order would be necessary to authorize the sharing of this sensitive information. While some sharing of information may be appropriate in some limited circumstances, it should be done with strict safeguards. These safeguards includ e protecting information about U.S. persons from disclosure to the CIA, requiring a court approval for disclosure, limiting disclosure to foreign intelligence information as defined in the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, limiting disclosure to foreign governments, and requiring that disclosed information be marked to indicate how it was obtained and how it can and cannot be used or disseminated. The bill lacks all of these safeguards.On September 19, only eight days after the tragic terrorist attacks on New York and Washington, the Bush Administration unveiled its proposed Anti-Terrorism Act (ATA), which includes many changes to the nations current surveillance laws. The ACLU has five overall concerns about the surveillance provisions of the legislation beingThey would reduce or eliminate the role of judges in ensuring that law enforcement wiretapping is conducted legally and with proper justification. There is no reason why the requirement to get a court order for surveillan ce should slow down the investigation of suspects for which there is evidence of terrorist activities. .ua70dc6e37a02c1d3fce66f511fc3513d , .ua70dc6e37a02c1d3fce66f511fc3513d .postImageUrl , .ua70dc6e37a02c1d3fce66f511fc3513d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua70dc6e37a02c1d3fce66f511fc3513d , .ua70dc6e37a02c1d3fce66f511fc3513d:hover , .ua70dc6e37a02c1d3fce66f511fc3513d:visited , .ua70dc6e37a02c1d3fce66f511fc3513d:active { border:0!important; } .ua70dc6e37a02c1d3fce66f511fc3513d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua70dc6e37a02c1d3fce66f511fc3513d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua70dc6e37a02c1d3fce66f511fc3513d:active , .ua70dc6e37a02c1d3fce66f511fc3513d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua70dc6e37a02c1d3fce66f511fc3513d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua70dc6e37a02c1d3fce66f511fc3513d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua70dc6e37a02c1d3fce66f511fc3513d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua70dc6e37a02c1d3fce66f511fc3513d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua70dc6e37a02c1d3fce66f511fc3513d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua70dc6e37a02c1d3fce66f511fc3513d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua70dc6e37a02c1d3fce66f511fc3513d .ua70dc6e37a02c1d3fce66f511fc3513d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua70dc6e37a02c1d3fce66f511fc3513d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Timeline of the Revolutionary War EssayThey would dangerously erode the longstanding distinction between domestic law enforcement and foreign intelligence collection, which protects Americans from being spied upon by their own intelligence agencies, as happened during the Cold War. The definition of terrorism is to broad, permitting the special surveillance powers granted in this legislation to be applied far beyond what is commonly thought of by the term. Under the definition proposed by the Administration, even acts of simple civil disobedience could lead organizations such as People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) to become targets of terrorist investigations. Many of the expansions in surveillance authority being considered are not limited to even the broad definition of terrorism investigations. The Congress is moving unnecessarily and irresponsibly quickly on these measures. It takes a great deal of time to deal with complex issues such as how to apply wiretap law to the Internet, and to think through all the possible unintended consequences of legislative language. Few of the provisions being discussed are needed for the current terrorism investigations, so Congress should take the time to do it right. Security and civil liberties do not have to be at odds. Law enforcement authorities already have great leeway under current law to investigate suspects in terrorist attacks including broad authority to monitor telephone and Internet communications. In fact, under current law, judges have rejected only three federal or state criminal wiretap requests in the last decade. This is a country that understands that people have fundamental God-given rights and liberties and our government is constituted to protect those rights. We cannot in our efforts to bring justice diminish those liberties, said Sen. George Allen, R-Va., in a statement responding to the terrorist attacks. Clearly this is not a simple, normal criminal case. This is an act of war, and those rules of warfare may apply. But here at home and domestically, we need to make sure that were not tempted to abrogate any civil rights such as habeas corpus, protections against unreasonable searches and seizures, the freedom of expression and peaceable assembly, or freedom of religion. REFERENCES 1. www.aclu.org, The American Civil Liberties Union, 20012. www.corpwatch.org, CorpWatch, 20013. www.msnbc.com, MSNBC Terms and Conditions, 2001Words/ Pages : 1,278 / 24

The Pardoners Tale Essay Example For Students

The Pardoners Tale Essay Within the prologue of The Pardoners Tale the presentation of the Pardoner shows us the audience that he is a high moral man with no respect for others as he gains advantages over them by tricking them for their money in return of nothing of such wealth. The lines in which I have chosen to concentrate upon are from 423-462 these lines demonstrate the way in which the Pardoner presents himself as we perceive the selfish perception, which helps to achieve ones point of view. The Pardoner seems to think very highly about himself from the rest of society as he steals within a way as he takes there money for treasures which are not existent, this is in order to sustain his riches within life. It is ironic within a way as the Pardoner being a man of the clergy does such deeds, however he preaches within these lines of how he almost enjoys stealing money from the community in order for himself to become pleasurable and comfortable. We will write a custom essay on The Pardoners Tale specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The lines show that a lot can be identified in the way in which the Pardoner prevails himself towards his audience and the style of the language that he uses throughout out his speech is also a way in which for us to help identify his character more carefully. His beginning lines within the section prove to us that he is a sinful man, quite ironic however as he himself is a man of the clergy and to be committing the sin of Radix malorum est Cupididitas (cupid being the route of all evil) from lines 426-427 which he admits by himself Thus kan I prche again that same vice Which that I use. He does not seem to express any admiration of the sin that he commits, which shows what a dishonorable man he is. Towards the later of the prologue we are able to learn that this plays a valuable part towards my argument as the Pardoner does in fact brag about the way in which the stories in which he tells are of a fictious nature. He believes he is able to get away with these stories as the people whom he reveals to them to are all considered being uneducated and working society. The selfish character which he is as he is unlike the others within life as is a metaphorical character robbing from the poor in order for him to survive. It is quite ironic within a way as the Pardoner would not chose to be poor as he perceives them all as lower classes against him, but these people seem to continue to listen to the awful stories he leads them to believe are of some relevance just like his ancient ruins. The man does not deserve to have any respect given to him when he pays none to those below him. As I have stated previously that the mans character is of a wicked and selfish manner, he does not however seem to sense what he is doing but he does not feel any sense of remorse towards the poor whom he is stealing from. Lines 449- 451 Al were it yeven of the poverest page Or of the povereste widwe in a village. This shows that he is not an honorable man of the clergy if he would not help the dependants within the village. He seems to have persuasiveness about himself as he is clever into having people hand money over to him; this is purely due to the fact that he believes he is of more intelligence than them as he can trick them into this ordeal. At the very end of the tale he brags to the man that it is time for him to tell another story one of which always proves to be significant to him which usually makes him a lot of money. This can obliviously be seen that he is purely looking for one thing within life to achieve all the money he can order to please him and only him. .uc83758bc98c828ff1289549d38109a17 , .uc83758bc98c828ff1289549d38109a17 .postImageUrl , .uc83758bc98c828ff1289549d38109a17 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc83758bc98c828ff1289549d38109a17 , .uc83758bc98c828ff1289549d38109a17:hover , .uc83758bc98c828ff1289549d38109a17:visited , .uc83758bc98c828ff1289549d38109a17:active { border:0!important; } .uc83758bc98c828ff1289549d38109a17 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc83758bc98c828ff1289549d38109a17 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc83758bc98c828ff1289549d38109a17:active , .uc83758bc98c828ff1289549d38109a17:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc83758bc98c828ff1289549d38109a17 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc83758bc98c828ff1289549d38109a17 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc83758bc98c828ff1289549d38109a17 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc83758bc98c828ff1289549d38109a17 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc83758bc98c828ff1289549d38109a17:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc83758bc98c828ff1289549d38109a17 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc83758bc98c828ff1289549d38109a17 .uc83758bc98c828ff1289549d38109a17-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc83758bc98c828ff1289549d38109a17:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Red Room by HG Wells EssayI t can be said that this prologue uses a direct statement in order to reveal that way in which he preaches and the use if his techniques and tricks which he confesses to the crowd. The lines are presented to us within a rhetorical ways which help us to familiarize the character and what is being told to us. He softens the others within the clergy by showing them the relics which are not of any ancient use they are just fakes simply like him. The purpose of theses lines towards the argument I have tried to point across is that he simply a selfish man of a non feminine character.

Schindlers list essays

Schindler's list essays The movie Schindlers List touched me in many ways. I didnt realize the extent of the horror that the Jews faced. The thought that someone could come and barge in to my house and take all my belongings scares me. I now feel more sympathy than ever for the Jews who had to suffer through this horrible ordeal. The girl in the red dress really touched me, and I think it was the turning point for Schindler to start his factory of Jews when he saw her at the crematorium. The fact that she was the only person in color made it obvious that she played in important role in the faith of the Jews. Schindler first sees her as an innocent young girl walking along the streets of the ghetto. He later spots her body being wheeled off to be burned. The young girl in the red dress symbolizes the hope the Jews had. In the beginning of the movie, the Jews hope was pretty high, and most people expected to be freed sooner or later. As things became progressively worse, the hope for any liberation went down, and all hope died as the girl in the red dress was being carried to be burned. Schindler notices this, and he then takes the initiative to change the situation by hiring Jews as ammunition factory workers. Also, her death can be viewed as the most angelic and innocent child suffering the wrath of the co ncentration camps. I also liked how Schindler changes during the movie. He starts out as a Nazi party member, who enjoyed partying and spending time with women. As he witnesses the horrible things being done to the Jews, he realizes that he needs to make some efforts to save at least some of the Jews. Since he had already developed a relationship with many of his employees (the Jews), Schindler was able to feel the harshness much more than any other German. I admire his skills and determination that help him do what he needs to do to get the job done. Even if it included bribes, Schindler was bent upon keeping the Jews from being ...

A Peek at the Physics Behind Multiple Universes

A Peek at the Physics Behind Multiple Universes The sciences of physics and astrophysics explore a great many interesting ideas about the universe. One of the most intriguing is the concept of multiple universes. Its also referred to as parallel universe theory. This is the idea that our universe is not the only one in existence. Most people have heard of the possibility of more than one universe from science fiction stories and movies. Far from being an imaginary idea, multiple universes can exist, according to modern physics. However, its one thing to devise a theory about their existence, but quite another to actually detect them. This is something that modern physics is wrestling with, using observations of distant light signals from the Big Bang as data.   What Are Multiple Universes? Just as our universe, with all its stars, galaxies, planets, and other structures exists and can be studied, physicists suspect that other universes filled with matter and space exist in parallel with ours. They may or may not be exactly like ours. Chances are that theyre not. They might have different laws of physics than we do, for example. They dont necessarily intersect with ours, but they may collide with it. Some theorists go so far as to explain that each person has a twin or mirror in the other universes. This is one interpretation of the multiple-universe theory called the many-worlds approach. It says that there are many universes out there. Star Trek fans, for example, will recognize this from such episodes as Mirror Mirror in the original series, Parallels in Next Generation, and others. Theres another interpretation of multiple universes that gets quite complex and is an outgrowth of quantum physics, which is the physics of the very small. It deals with interactions at the level of atoms and subatomic particles (which make up atoms). Basically, quantum physics says that small interactions - called quantum interactions - happen. When they do, they have far-reaching consequences and set up endless possibilities with endless outcomings from those interactions. As an example, imagine that in our universe a person takes a wrong turn on the way to a meeting. They miss the meeting and lose a chance to work on a new project. If they hadnt missed the turn, they would have gone to the meeting and gotten the project. Or, they missed the turn, and the meeting, but met someone else who offered them a better project. there are endless possibilities, and each one (if it happens) spurs endless consequences. In parallel universes, ALL of those actions and reactions and consequences take place, one to each universe.   This implies that there are parallel universes where all possible outcomes are happening simultaneously. Yet, we only observe the action in our own universe. All the other actions, we dont observe, but they are happening in parallel, elsewhere. We dont observe them, but they happen, at least theoretically. Can Multiple Universes Exist? The argument in favor of multiple universes involves many interesting thought experiments. One delves into cosmology (which is the study of the origin and evolution of the universe) and something called the fine-tuning problem.  This says that as we grow to understand the way our universe is constructed, our existence in it grows more precarious. As physicists have examined the way the universe has changed over time since the Big  Bang, they suspect that had the early conditions of the universe been just a bit different, our universe could have evolved to be inhospitable to life. In fact, if a universe spontaneously came into existence, physicists would expect it to spontaneously collapse or possibly to expand so rapidly that particles never really interact with each other. British physicist, Sir Martin Reese wrote extensively about this idea in his classic book Just Six Numbers: The Deep Forces That Shape the Universe. Multiple Universes and a Creator Using this idea of finely-tuned properties in the universe, some argue for the need of a creator. Tgbe existence of such a being (for which there is no proof), doesnt explain properties of the universe. Physicists would like to understand those properties without invoking a deity of any kind. The easiest solution would just be to say, Well, thats how it is. However, thats not really an explanation. It just represents a remarkable lucky break that a single universe would come into being and that universe would just happen to have the very precise properties needed to develop life. Most physical properties would result in a universe that collapses into nothingness instantly. Or, it continues to exist and expands into a vast sea of nothingness. It isnt just a matter of trying to explain human beings as we happen to exist, but of explaining the very existence of any sort of universe. Another idea, which fits well with quantum physics, says that there is, indeed, a vast number of universes, which with different properties. Within that  multiverse of universes, some subset of them (including our own) would contain properties that allow them to exist for relatively long periods of time. That means a subset (including our own universe) would have the properties that allow them to form complex chemicals and, ultimately, life. Others would not. And, that would be okay, since quantum physics tells us that all possibilities can exist.   String Theory and Multiple Universes String theory  (which states that all the different fundamental particles of matter are manifestations of a basic object called a string) has recently begun to support this idea. This is because there is a vast number of possible solutions to string theory. In other words, if string theory is correct then there are still many different ways to construct the universe. String theory presents the idea of extra dimensions at the same that it includes a structure to think about where these other universes could be located. Our universe, which includes four dimensions of spacetime, seems to exist in a universe that may contain as many as 11 total dimensions. That multi-dimensional region is often called the bulk by string theorists. Theres no reason to think that the bulk couldnt contain other universes in addition to our own. So, it is sort of a universe of universes.    Detection is a Problem The question of a multiverses existence is secondary to being able to detect other universes. So far no one has found solid evidence for another universe. That doesnt mean they arent out there. The evidence may be something we havent yet recognized. Or our detectors arent sensitive enough. Eventually, physicists will find a way using solid data to find parallel universes and measure at least some of their properties. That could be a long way away, however.   Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Classical Opera and Popular Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Classical Opera and Popular Music - Essay Example The combination of sound and rhythm are particularly important in music as they enable people to relate to music and drive out the desired intention. Historically, music has been used to make life lively, entertain people and pass messages to the community. Music has gone through stages from the simple forms of art to the complex technologies that are used today to come to compose and record songs. This paper will discuss the evolution of music from the classical opera style to the modern popular music, and elaborate on the similarities and differences of the two music forms. Classical opera was introduced by the Greek and Roman societies, and was related to their scientific and cultural practices of the time. During this time, there were no inventions in drama and music (Naxos). However, religion and tradition had great influence on music of the day since during occasions related to the two there were performances that highlighted music. Classical opera is a form of art that incorpo rates lots of orchestral, lyrical and theatre techniques. Classical opera evolved over time and combined dissimilar genres to be become a form of music. Although it was performed on stage by using the stage, acting and costumes, the words in the operas were sung in order to make the audience more attentive so that they could get the message being passed and enjoy the performance. In classical operas, there existed two forms of singing, recitative and aria types of dialogue. Recitative operas consisted of harmonic conversation that was not accompanied by melody and the aim of this singing was coming up with a plot. Aria reefers to music that was accompanied with a melody and emotional attachments meant to capture the eyes and ears of the audience. In the early nineteenth century, the two forms were joined to form the arioso style, which combined melody and singing. Another component of opera is musical accompaniment, which was used to set the mood for the performance, and this enable d the audience to connect the scenes in the opera. Classical Opera music first came into existence from performances called ‘intermedi’, which were started to celebrate important events such as weddings or holidays (TheatreHistory). The performances were accompanied by simple musical accompaniments that had single lines of melody for catching the attention of the audience. This practice was known as monody and had originated from a prior style known as madrigal, which was a form of singing that used a polyphonic strategy but became outdated. The performances of this age of opera were undermined by some irrelevant scenes, and this stunted advancement of drama and music. A German composer, Christophe Gluck came in to help people fix music into lyrics and he played a significant role in the advancement of opera. This made performances to be dramatic since there was a relation between the performance and the musical background. This purged the recitative opera and music was used for expression. One of Gluck’s compositions was the Orfeo ed Euridice, which was a tragic based mythology from Greece that is still performed in cinemas today (Fuller). In this composition, he made action important in performance since they could help people associate with the scenes. The audiences were prepared for the later scenes from the preceding scenes and this significantly improved drama. The other famous opera is the Magic Flute in which singing was accompanied by dialogue, and this enabled

PORTFOLIO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

PORTFOLIO - Essay Example unds that I have made in my journey through this class this semester and explain the methods I used to come up with thought inducing topics but also to be able to express papers through methods in which the assignment was clear but still had a point. When I would first try to determine the topics for which I would write about, I would consider my own personal experiences and the things around me that influence my thinking. The best way to determine a topic for me was to take a subject of interest and conduct research in order to elaborate more on it. When I did some thinking, writing and research my ideas would change and I thought of ways to narrow down a topic and the way in which to portray what I was trying to say. There were several times when I had to determine whether or not the topic that I was most interested in was one that I really wanted to write about or if I could find enough research about it. To decide, I would use library services and also the Internet to find topics that had supporting research. I still wanted to maintain my own voice in these papers because they were of interest to me. When looking at some of the most difficult problems I faced while writing, the fact that I am a non-native speaker and student made it difficult. There were some issues or concepts discussed in writings that I was unfamiliar with. I found that some of my information should focus more on the United States and some of the situations found in the culture and society here. The cultural differences and importances in society made a difference in some of the things that I would write about. My grammar and basic way of thinking is a struggle when compared to American English and it was a bit of a challenge to overcome. I did my best to seek out help in order to write to the best of my ability and still organize papers so that they made sense. When researching, I took the advice of my professor, my tutor and my peers. I was often provided with information

Comparison and Contrast of three essays Essay Example for Free

Comparison and Contrast of three essays Essay We all know that education is one of the most important things in human life. A person needs to be educated in order to have a good future ahead of him. However, there are people who are less fortunate when it comes to education because they cannot afford to come to school. Today, learning is not a matter of gift to share but a wealth for some because they use education to gain money and not the aim of education for people. Because of these scenarios, some people hide their feelings of guilt and pity through text – some of them are Nock, Vetter, and Mitchell.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nock’s perception of education in his article entitle â€Å"The Disadvantages of Being Educated† is opposite from the dictation of the society that education will lead to a better future. For Nock, education will lead to dissatisfaction of man. If a man is educated, he will search for more and would not be contented in what he has. He will continue to ask for more even if he has a good status in the society; he will seek for more fame and richness. Therefore, he would rather not be educated and live a simple and normal life rather than having a well-educated mind but not contented with everything.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Vetter’s perception of writing on the other hand in his article entitle â€Å"Bonehead Writing† is odd. He used to observe people who want to learn how to write a good text, letter, or even a good paragraph because he perceived that writing is innate and not something that can be learn for it is very hard especially for less fortunate and uneducated people. Once a person survived in a writing class, it is like surviving its life in the forest. For him, whether you take minutes, hours, or days of writing, it will still be senseless if you do not have the capability or the â€Å"gift† of writing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the article of Mitchell, he showed the true meaning of hunger – not the hunger of stomach but the hunger of mind. Many of the people in America is illiterate, though it is a first world country, there are still people who are uneducated that are unable to read and write. This kind of situation made him feel uncomfortable because America is known for being the first world country. However, he focused his attention to the problem of educators because they are the one who took place and authority in teaching and educating the people preferably the students.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   These three authors of the said articles have different attack in their writing but their similarity is their purpose in their essay. All of them want to impose the needs and present situation of education not only in the United States but in the whole world as well. Nock relates his essay to the uneducated or less educated people because his attack is for educated people, it is a bias perception of the author towards the uneducated people can somehow help but not as always. Vetter’s attack focused on the needs of writing. He wants his readers to feel the incapacity of some people in writing. Through his ideas, his aim for change is not thoroughly established because he made the article too light to handle and because of this, readers would take it as an entertainment than being an educated article. On the other hand, Mitchell is the most serious writer of them all. Mitchell focused his full attention to the real situation of the world, though he wants to focus on America’s problem, it also relates to the problem of different countries. Mitchell’s attack towards the educators and other factors do not make a problematic argument because he delivers his perception and notion of hunger in a factual form.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As a whole, they delivered well what they want to utter to the readers. They are different attacks but their aim are similar from one another, one of them bought entertainment while educating the readers, one takes the situation in academic environment with a light scenario, and one is serious in what he state. All of them made a revelation of what is happening, but the problem is that they do not state the possible solutions to the problems they have encountered. Reference Name. (date). Title. Publisher

Financial Statements Essay -- Economy, Financial Distress

Financial Statements basically show the historical performance or record of the company at some previous point of time. By the time when financial statements are made public, changes are many economical areas such as market conditions, currency exchange rate and inflations can change the values of assets and liabilities. In this case there often exist discrepancies between book value of assets and their market values. In above case there might be companies that are healthy and many go through period of financial distress. In particular is the threat of not being able to meet debt obligations. The first Indication of financial distress is when firm does not have enough liquid assets (short-term assets) to cover (pay for) current liabilities (short-term liabilities) when this happen than firm ability to covering long-term liabilities is reduced resulting in creditors taking on more risk than the investment of loaning money to the firm is worth. When company is facing financial distress, book value of company liabilities can become worth more than the market value of the same liabilities. If this happen, than firm is in danger of not meeting its obligations to creditors. In this case creditors may not be paid and in worst of financial distressed time, the creditors may receive nothing in interest or principal, if the firm files for bankruptcy. The importance of financial-decision making goals is to increase shareholders’ value and to keep them away from financial distress. The Predicting of financial distress is an early warning signal to keep investors from being loss. It has been more than 70 years, since Ramser & Foster, and Fitzpatrich in 1931-1932, and 44 years, since Beaver (1966) but still they have not found the theory... ...earches this paper extends the previous research work done on financial distress. We have used modified Altman Z Score as a proxy for the financial distress. After including the financially distressed and financially healthy firms in our sample, we have seen the effect of financial distress on corporate cash flows. Prior to this work hardly any paper can be seen which studies the impact of financial distress on corporate cash flows, especially in Asian context. Our work adds to the literature in a sense that it not only identifies the financially distressed firms but also measures the effect of financial distress on operating cash flows of the firms listed on Karachi Stock Exchange. Our work also contributes to the literature in establishing a fact that whether the model of financial distress developed by Altman is relevant in Pakistan’s Corporate Environment. Financial Statements Essay -- Economy, Financial Distress Financial Statements basically show the historical performance or record of the company at some previous point of time. By the time when financial statements are made public, changes are many economical areas such as market conditions, currency exchange rate and inflations can change the values of assets and liabilities. In this case there often exist discrepancies between book value of assets and their market values. In above case there might be companies that are healthy and many go through period of financial distress. In particular is the threat of not being able to meet debt obligations. The first Indication of financial distress is when firm does not have enough liquid assets (short-term assets) to cover (pay for) current liabilities (short-term liabilities) when this happen than firm ability to covering long-term liabilities is reduced resulting in creditors taking on more risk than the investment of loaning money to the firm is worth. When company is facing financial distress, book value of company liabilities can become worth more than the market value of the same liabilities. If this happen, than firm is in danger of not meeting its obligations to creditors. In this case creditors may not be paid and in worst of financial distressed time, the creditors may receive nothing in interest or principal, if the firm files for bankruptcy. The importance of financial-decision making goals is to increase shareholders’ value and to keep them away from financial distress. The Predicting of financial distress is an early warning signal to keep investors from being loss. It has been more than 70 years, since Ramser & Foster, and Fitzpatrich in 1931-1932, and 44 years, since Beaver (1966) but still they have not found the theory... ...earches this paper extends the previous research work done on financial distress. We have used modified Altman Z Score as a proxy for the financial distress. After including the financially distressed and financially healthy firms in our sample, we have seen the effect of financial distress on corporate cash flows. Prior to this work hardly any paper can be seen which studies the impact of financial distress on corporate cash flows, especially in Asian context. Our work adds to the literature in a sense that it not only identifies the financially distressed firms but also measures the effect of financial distress on operating cash flows of the firms listed on Karachi Stock Exchange. Our work also contributes to the literature in establishing a fact that whether the model of financial distress developed by Altman is relevant in Pakistan’s Corporate Environment.

Evaluate the View That the Separation of Ownership

Evaluate the view that the separation of ownership from control in large firms inevitably leads to diseconomies of scale. The separation of ownership from control can be defined as the situation in which the shareholders of a firm do not manage or control it. The shareholders of large publicly owned have no controlling interest and hence the managers and directors run the organisation. Diseconomies of scale can be described as the increase in the long term average cost of production as the scale of operation increases.It can be argued that the separation of ownership from control can lead to diseconomies of scale due to the lack of communication between managers and shareholders, hence inefficiency and averages costs increase. But it could also be argued that large firms can also benefit from economies of scale whilst being operated through the separation of ownership from control the diseconomies of scale are not always ‘inevitable’ as described above. Firstly, the sepa ration of ownership from control can lead to managerial diseconomies of scale.The power the shareholders have over the disciplining and monitoring of its executive management is reduced and as a result of this, managers may cause inefficiency by pursuing certain objectives for their own self-interest and at the expense of the shareholders. If the managers of the firm are measured and rewarded on achievement of growth targets rather than profit and return to shareholders then they may lose focus on cost control e. g. supplier costs and as a result this could drive up the average costs of production.This would have a bigger impact on large firms due to the scale of production. The costs will be felt on a much larger scale, particularly if this culture affects the way the whole of the business operates not just one business area. The extent on the managerial diseconomies of scale will depend on the objectives of the managers. If their personal targets are to ensure high business perfor mance, then this increase in average cost may not be felt as they may aim to increase productive efficiency to maximise profit and dividends to shareholders.Conversely, although diseconomies of scale may persist in a large firm, the separation of ownership of control may not necessarily be the cause of it. There are other factors that may have contributed to the firm experiencing diseconomies of scale. The rapid growth of a firm may cause the employees to feel alienated if they feel that they aren’t valued as an individual. As a result of this, the productivity of demotivated employees may fall and the roductive efficiency of the firm will decrease, therefore increasing the average cost for each unit of output. The diseconomies of scale may also be caused by the inability for a firm to monitor the productivity of every one of its employees. The lack of supervision resulting from the size of the company and scale of production may mean that employees are not working to their o ptimum level of output or utilizing resources efficiently and this could result in wasted resources e. . From employee errors. Therefore the average cost of producing one unit of output increases. Although, there is not really an easy way to determine the exact cause of the diseconomies of scale. In the short term, it may cost more for the business to alter the way it operates to reduce the average costs. The rate of growth and output may mean that the business is not prepared to change its operations whilst it is generating such a large amount of revenue.In conclusion, I don’t think that separation of ownership from control will inevitably lead to diseconomies of scale for a large firm. Rapid growth is more likely to cause a business to experience them rather than the lack of control for shareholders of the firm. The most costly resources for a firm are employees and premises. The diseconomies of scale that a firm may experience may be due to the increase of overheads from t he rapid expansion before the increased volume profit and volume can be realised in the long term.Although the lack of control for shareholders may initially contribute to a rise in average costs as a firm expands (assuming that the managers want to operate the firm in a way that will meet their personal targets increase their salaries rather than maximise the return for the firm), the increase in average costs should be a short term phenomenon due to rapid increases in volume it should be outweighed by economies of scale generated from buying in large quantities.

Hurdles Impeding Development of Pakistan Essay

Scarred from birth, Pakistan’s quest for survival has been as compelling as it has been uncertain. Pakistan cycled through a number of phases of development through its beginning Political, Social and Economic crises. The politicians were corrupt, interested in maintaining their political power and securing the interests of the elite, so to have them as the representative authority did not provide much hope of a democratic state that provided socio-economic justice and fair administration to all Pakistani citizens. Ranging controversies over the issue of the national language, the role of Islam, provincial representation, and the distribution of power between the center and the provinces delayed constitution making and postponed general elections, thus putting Pakistan into a certain situation of uncertainty right from the start. Poverty Poverty remains a serious concern in Pakistan. A large segment of the population lives in poverty. According to the rebased GDP numbers, the per capita income comes to US$720. Poverty rates, which had fallen substantially in the 1980s and early 1990s, started to rise again toward the end of the decade. More importantly, differences in income per capita across regions have persisted or widened. At the time of independence Pakistan suffered an unjust wealth distribution which marked its development or a long time. Pakistan has grown much more than other lowincome countries, but has failed to achieve social progress commensurate with its economic growth. The educated and well-off urban population lives not so differently from their counterparts in other countries of similar income range. However, the poor and rural inhabitants of Pakistan are being left behind. For example, access to sanitation in Pakistan in rural areas is 30% lower than in other countries with similar income. Solution & suggestions to this issue is †¢ Alternate means of energy production, like solar lights, neculer energy other minerals †¢ Small loans and small business (e. g Greaming bank in Bangladesh who give small loans start from a small village and now its owner got noble price for his ideas and polices in micro economics) †¢ More evelopment projects from government specially focus on their maintains & consistence. India – A constant threat Pakistan has also been burdened by full-scale wars with India, a strategically exposed northwestern frontier, and series of economic crises. It has difficulty allocating its scarce economic and natural resources in an equitable manner. All of Pakistan’s struggles underpin the dilemma they face in reconciling the goal of national integration with the imperatives of national security. Peace in this region of the world is sorely needed; but he process is easier said than done. Many obstacles internal and external continue to impede the progress of peace. Solution & suggestions to this issue is †¢ Encourage peace and peace talks with India †¢ Break the ideology of HINDU’S are like this and that (BANIYA etc ) Sad State of Judiciary Under the leadership of General Pervez Musharraf, the military has claimed its central position in Pakistan’s state structure and political scene. Similar to the present situation Judiciary has never been free to operate in Pakistan. The judiciary of Pakistan has abdicated their duty to protect the laws as well as the citizens of the country. The concept of a totally controlled judiciary was achieved by the rulers or ruling parties. Several judgments by the High Courts and Supreme Courts have shown how well the objective has been achieved. Even the Supreme courts are not independent. For example, Governor of Sindh, Mr. Isharat ul Ibad was behind the bars few days before he took the oath, all cases vaporized in air. The accountability cases against Nawaz Sharif and Benazir are also ridicule to the system. Culture Differences The ruins of ancient civilizations at Mohenjodaro and at Harappa in the southern Indus Valley testify to the existence of an advanced urban civilization that flourished in what is now Pakistan in the second half of the third millennium BC during the same period as the major riverain civilizations in Mesopotamia and Persia. This area has on the course of time seen almost every sort of government from democracy to monarchy, has been invaded a number of times, settled and resettle. Solution & suggestions to this issue is †¢ Should be according to local and domestic values, norms and practices Language Issues Despite the shared religion of its overwhelmingly Muslim population, Pakistan has been engaged in a precarious struggle to define a national identity and evolve a politico economic system for its linguistically diverse population. Pakistan is known to have over twenty languages and over 300 distinct dialects, Urdu and English are the official languages but Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtu, Baluchi and Seraiki are considered main languages. This diversity has caused chronic regional tensions and successive failures in forming a constitution, laws and finally a mutually shared mode of living. Although Urdu was nominated as Pakistan’s National Language yet the number of people speaking URDU as a mother tongue was very low. This generated a huge gap between the common people of the country and its systems. It is an irony that a vast majority of Pakistan’s population can’t understand it own National Anthem, by viewing this, its easy to view the barriers which every person in Paksitan has faced in order to form a link with its systems and structures thus contributing little to the development. Solution & suggestions to this issue is †¢ Focus on regional language , should be taught at least till primary level Tribal and Provincial Issues The government’s perceived bias towards Punjab, the country’s most affluent province, has caused disgruntlement amongst the underdeveloped yet resource rich provinces. This bias has contributed to an escalating rebellion by tribal militias in Baluchistan. Militias have been engaged in guerrilla warfare with the Pakistani army, whose resources are already stretched between counter-terrorism activities and Kashmir. Tribal militias have been sabotaging strategic infrastructure, such as natural gas lines. Muslim extremism and sectarian violence are fundamental threats to Pakistan’s political stability. Sunni-Shi’a violence along with frequent anti-western street protests and violence are common, particularly in Karachi. Pakistani forces have also been largely unable to defeat Taliban militants who operate with impunity in the areas bordering Afghanistan. FATA is such a great example of military failure, an area with in the country but out of the reach from the countrymen even the military. The militants have such a strong hold that they can every handled on their own terms, they are well equipped as well as informed, as seen in latest events, it seems as if Bugti tribe was as equipped as the Army itself. Religion and Sectarian issues Pakistan’s political instability over time has been matched by a fierce ideological debate about the form of government it should adopt, Islamic or secular. In the absence of any nationally based political party, Pakistan has long had to rely on the civil service and the army to maintain the continuities of government. It was a daunting task to build a nationstate whose peoples had only one uniting factors—their abiding faith in Islam. Other than that, there was nothing to bind them together as a nation. Subsequent political developments in Pakistan clearly showed that even the â€Å"abiding faith in Islam was merely a mirage,† not a solid factor of integration and development as there is a list of sectarian Issues Pakistanis are suffering from. Geographical issues Following a military defeat at the hands of India the breakaway of its eastern territory, which India divides it from, caused the establishment of Bangladesh in 1971. This situation epitomizes the most dramatic manifestation of Pakistan’s dilemma as a decentralized nation. All forms of developments in Pakistan continue to be marred by provincial jealousies and, in particular, by the deep resentments in the smaller provinces of Sind, Baluchistan, and the North-West Frontier Province against what is seen to be a monopoly by the Punjabi majority of the benefits of power, profit, and patronage. Constitution Discrimination & Minorities Rights Pakistan is perhaps the most notorious political enigma in the second half of he 20th century. Perhaps, the most lamentable feature of our existence as a nation is that we do not know what we are. National identity is not primarily definable in terms of a people occupying a sovereign geographical territory. Existentially, identity is premised on ideology and social values. Both are noticeably in abeyance in Pakistan. This is a state without ideological ballast, without a lodestar. The people who are being called minorities, how we can expect loyalty from them after the treatment they are given? In history we see Hindus were under Muslim rule for so long yet the first chance they got they joined British, the reason was only that they had no loyalty to the state. If in Pakistan the minorities would keep receiving such treatment there is not much less hope of any loyalty to the state either. Human Rights Pakistan remains heavily dependent on the United States for economic and military aid. The U. S. has notably failed to press for human rights-related legal reform in the country, in exchange for Pakistan’s support in the U. S. led â€Å"war on terror. â€Å" For its part, the government of Pakistan has excused its failure to uphold human rights and the rule of law by citing domestic political pressure from hard-line religious groups and militant organizations. Pakistan’s record of ratifying principal international human rights treaties remains poor. To date, it is signatory to only five international conventions, and has signed neither the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights nor the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

Involvement With Nontraditional Parents And Families Of Children With

Involvement With Nontraditional Parents And Families Of Children With Involvement with Nontraditional Parents and Families of Children with Exceptionalities Every family is governed by different rules, values, and norms designed to protect and continue the family unit. Rules and norms come from family history, personalities, expectations, and values. Children entering a family impact both the family and child. The child must determine how to fit into this environment and the parents must make time, financial, and priority changes. The traditional family stages (marriage, birth of a first child, leaving home by the last child) are happening less often. Families are in transition - divorce, blended families, single parent, unmarried parents, foster parent, grandparents, and same-gender parents now may be raising the child. Three types of involvement are looked at in this chapter: Separation and Divorce, Blended Families, and Other Nontraditional Families with their impact on the child and the parents. Separation and Divorce The impact on children is often sadness, denial, and fear. The parental relationships have changed. Anger may show toward one or both parents. Male children are more apt to become aggressive, impulsive, and antisocial. The impact on parents stems from the fact that most mothers become the child?s custodial parent. Financial problems surface (mothers make half the income of fathers, many families exist below the poverty level because marketable work skills are missing or outdated. Discipline problems routinely occur in single parent families. Personal problems for single parents in the areas of employment discrimination, increased responsibilities, isolation, and loss of status are often reported. Blended Families Issues for children are: loyalties to noncustodial parent and other relatives, authority structure, role development and enforcement. Entering parents may be "perfect parents" and have all the answers. They cannot understand why they do not receive instant love and admiration. Negative feelings really increase when both spouses been children to the new marriage. The lines of authority must be resolved. Financial expectations and understandings must be accepted. Loyalty cannot be demanded by the new parent. The issue is to keep communications lines open as order is established in the new family. Other Nontraditional Families Identification of the many possible "other" families is beyond the scope of the book. Guidelines foe dealing with these families may not be available. The best advice is to recognize that each family is unique and to individualize your method of addressing their issues and needs.

Free sample - Dyslexia. translation missing

Dyslexia. DyslexiaIntroduction This paper defines visual dyslexia, giving its possible causes. It also sates the effects to the patient who are in most cases children stressing that it is not a disease but an impairment that cannot be treated. Visual dyslexia Visual dyslexia can be defined as a pathological reading difficulty caused by a visual impairment.   It is having difficulty in reading and comprehending text due to visual problems. The patient makes frequent visually based errors more especially in word recognition despite being able to name the component. The patient with these difficulties are said to be visual dyslexics, visuospatial dyslexics or dyseidetic dyslexics. The patient these reading and spelling patterns portray the following visual processing weaknesses. The word dyslexia was derived from the Greek word dys meaning poor or inadequate and lexis meaning works or language (Cardon L. 1994). Dyslexia is a learning disability characterized by problems in expressive, receptive, oral or written language. Problems come up in reading, spelling, writing, speaking and listening. Dyslexia is not a disease and it has no cure. It describes a different kind of mind that learns differently. It is not the result of low intelligence or the problem of intelligence. Dyslexia is not a visual problem but it is a language problem. Dyslexia results from differences in the structure and function of the brain. The patient lack the ability to organize or position the way something is seen, confuse shapes, order of letters, and are not able to focus on a specific object for a long period of time. For instance, a child can confuse the shape of a triangle for a square or see the word bat and read the letters backward which results in them seeing tab. Other paralexia (mistakes made by person with visual dyslexia) include saccade (word scanning by series of fixations and fast eye movement) ambiguou s consonants, phonetic value to silent graphemic consonants, vowel digraphs, consonant clusters, shift stress of words, neologisms (new word), loss of syllable and consonants misplaced. Deep dyslexia is a complex reading disorder caused by brain damage in which the symptom is the occupancy of semantic errors in single word (Cardon L. 1994). Causes Photon energies that is specific to hypersensitive individuals induce within the eye’s photopic photoreceptors the conditions that create dyslexic-type visual abnormalities, and that those photon energies can be effectively suppressed before they reach the visual system of susceptible individuals. Dyslexic individuals often experience symptomatic relief when treated with specific colored transparent overlays. Photon energies specific to hypersensitive individuals, induce within the eye’s photopic photoreceptors the conditions that create dyslexic-type visual abnormalities. Photon energies can be suppressed before they reach the visual system of susceptible individuals. Dyslexic patient experience symptomatic relief when treated with specific colored transparent overlays (Michael C. 2004). Paraletic errors are attributed to a dysfunction of the visual analysis system in the dual route parallel model of reading. Studies that have shown that visual dyslexia runs throughout families and is passed on to many children genetically.   A statistical geneticist found evidence that a gene for dyslexia sits on chromosome number six, which is one of the twenty-three chromosomes (Cardon, 1994). Dr. Glen Rosen, a Harvard neuroscientist explained that nerve cells within the left hemisphere of the brain appear smaller than in the right hemisphere. This difference in size of nerve cells throw off the timing of the brain and disrupt its crucial word processing skills, Dr. Albert Balaburda, a neurologist from Harvard postulated that the brain of dyslexic people are bombarded with tiny lesions and out-of-place cells which explains that the core of the problem may live in the machinery that controls prenatal development. Neurologist and researcher of dyslexia broke down the disorder into three different subtypes to establish a technique to teach children with different degrees of dyslexia. The first subtype is known as dysphonetic dyslexia. When these children read, they insert or delete letters and syllables. In dyseidetic dyslexia, the patient can not recognize words as a whole and seem to read very slowly. Lastly, mixed dyslexia and children with this subtype experience both dys phonetic and dysedetic dyslexia; furthermore, mixed dyslexia causes these children more academic failure than any other known subtype. Bakker’s three subtypes were linguistic, perceptual, and mixed dyslexia. Linguistic dyslexia referred to a child s ability to read fast; however many mistakes were present because the child omitted and added letters and syllables. This is similar to Border’s dysphonetic dyslexia. Secondly, perceptual dyslexia exists when a child reads accurately yet slowly. Bakker’s third subtype (mixed dyslexia) is comparable to Boder’s mixed dyslexia since they both are a combination of the first and second subtypes. There are three approaches for treating dyslexic patients and they include the developmental, corrective, and remedial approach. The developmental approach suggests that teachers should instruct in small groups or individually because extra time and attention is necessary for some dyslexic children. The corrective approach also takes place in small or individual groups allowing the child to explore special interests so that the children can rely on their own special abilities in order to overcome difficulties. In the remedial approach, it is considered important to determine the skills that are most difficult and then apply individualized Effects on a student The different motor functions involved in normal reading like eye scanning, fixations and saccades performed to integrate fovea images is disrupted as a result of an acquired lesion to the right or left hemisphere of the eye. Conclusion Visual dyslexia is often inherited through genes. It can be caused by early ear infections as well. There are three approaches for treating dyslexic patients and they include the developmental, corrective, and remedial approach.   References: Boder E. (1973) .Developmenal dyslexia: a diagnostic approach based on three atypical reading-spelling patterns. Cardon L. (1994). Acquired dyslexia. Michael C. (2004). Photon Induced Visual Abnormalities (PIVA) and Visual Dyslexia.

To Do the Right Thing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

To Do the Right Thing - Essay Example Lies, even the smallest ones, weaken relationships and lead to bigger problems down the road. When I sat and thought about what Learner spoke, i felt, most people in principle would agree that lying is wrong. However, I believe that lying is much more than the untruths that can come out of one's mouth. It is, too often, also in the way one lives their life. There is no justification for a lie, no matter what its form. An essay such as this allows one to sit for a few moments and examine his life. I found myself sitting here thinking about what examples I could share that were a 'good enough' to be recognized as a lie while, at the same time, maintain a balance so that it would somehow seem acceptable. The reader may see my words and think to himself that, given the same situation, he would do the act or speak likewise; that somehow his justification would make my lie right. In doing that very thing, I was, in effect, doing what I had just stated was never justified. I was making my own life, my very existence, into a lie. Not in word, perhaps, but a lie, none the less. So, in truth, I offer you an example of a lie within my own life. In trying to convince ourselves that, somehow, there must be a reason for telling a lie no matter for what reason, I found myself imaging what it would be like to live in a place where exactly wha

Challenges in College Recruiting Research Proposal

Challenges in College Recruiting - Research Proposal Example This section will explain the issue under examination and its significance. In this case, the challenges facing recruitment in colleges will be examined with the aim of finding recommendations on how to handle the challenges in the future. The research will be conducted on the existing information on the issue. Academic sources such as Google books and scholarly articles will be used. The results obtained will be summarized, and the critical studies discussed. The citation will be done in APA, as required. The data will also be analyzed to determine its relevance to the solution of the issue. The primary reason for analyzing the available background information is to identify the areas of the problem that it fails to address. The resulting questions that are not dealt with by the existing information will be posted as proof of the insufficiency of the literature review. Finally, the question (s) to be pursued for the research will be chosen from the ones developed from the information. The questions been examined will be described, citing reasons as to why the research is viable. The specific issues under study will be listed, and introducing the interrelationship between the question and the question stated in the introduction. The particular claim, in this case, is that there are various challenges that affect the process of recruitment in colleges and other institutions of learning. Some of the problems include ideological differences and corruption. The elimination of these social evils would lead to a better process of recruiting and enrolling students in a college. The topic was chosen because these challenges are ignored yet there are possible ways of eliminating them. The aim of the research is thus to identify the challenges and recommend possible means of dealing with them. That involves a description of the methods of data collection and analysis to be used to complete the research. In this case, data collection will be done through the use of

Influences of Innovation at Apple Inc Case Study

Influences of Innovation at Apple Inc - Case Study Example The present case study dwells on the innovative features of the business at Apple Inc. The discussion commences from its very beginning and ends with the contemporary strategies and business of the firm. Apple Inc., (Apple) is a US - based multinational corporation that focuses on design and manufacture of consumer electronics and closely related software products. The company was established in Cupertino, California on April 1, 1976, engaged in designing, developing, selling and supporting a wide range of personal computers, portable media players, mobile phones, computer software, computer hardware and hardware accessories. Till 2007, the firm opened around 200 retail stores across five countries and one online store through which hardware and software products are being sold (Retail Stores). In the year 2008, the firm was awarded the best corporate performer organized by the famous business magazine, Business Week. (Best Performer Award 2008). Apple started its innovation journey with its first Apple computer in the year 1976. After that the company introduced the Apple II microcomputer on April 16, 1977 and it was different from its major rivals, the TRS-80 and Commodore PET, mainly because of its color graphics and an open architecture. In 1983, the company introduced the Lisa, the first commercial personal computer to employ a Graphical User Interface (GUI). In the early 2000s, Apple expanded its focus on software and included professional and consumer video, music, and photo production solutions with a view to promote its products as a "digital hub". Apple developed its own operating system to run on its hardware such as Macs, Mac OS X and Mac OS X v10.5 Leopard. Apple also independently developed computer software titles for its Mac OS X operating system. Apple also offered a range of professional software titles. On May 19, 2001, Apple launched its first official Apple retail stores (Appendix I) in Virginia and California and continued to set up more stores in the US and other countries. Apple retail stores are a chain of stores owned and operated solely by Apple Inc., dealing in computers and consumer electronics. On October 23, 2001, Apple introduced the iPod digital music player equipped with a 5 GB hard drive and a monochrome screen. The current models can store up to 160 GB and display video, play games, and support a wide range of third-party add-on devices. Apple added new models of iPod(R) touch, after the success of the iPod touch (Appendix II) launched in 2007. Another innovative milestone in the launch of Apple products was the Apple iPhone. It was introduced by the company in late June 2007 at the top price of $599 with 8GB and a less price of $499 with 4GB. iPhone (Appendix III) was one of the most anticipated electronic devices of the decade (Apple Inc History). AppleCare is a customer service program designed by the company to meet the needs of individuals and businesses. In addition, there are numerous online resources within the AppleCare Support website that provide valuable information and instructions. Apple's self-servicing account program is designed for institutions and businesses - for

Compounding Of Offences Under Criminal Procedure Law Essay

Compounding Of Offences Under Criminal Procedure Law Essay The compounding of offences is an act on the part of the victim whereby he/she decides to pardon the offence committed by the accused and request the court to exonerate him of all charges. The compounding of an offence does not mean that the offence has not been committed; it only means that the victim is willing to pardon it, or has accepted some form of a solatium as some form of compensation or redressal for what he has suffered  [1]  . This, however, does not mean that there can be no composition without the passing of any consideration or gratification. All that the law requires is that there must be some arrangement between the parties settling their differences  [2]  . The compounding of offences should not be confused with plea-bargaining, which is against public policy. Section 320 of the CrPC is exhaustive as to the law of compounding in India. Section 320 is almost a verbatim reproduction of S 345 of the 1898 Code of Criminal Procedure, with the addition of some new provisions. It contains- The persons who may compound The criminal offences that may be compounded, either on the volition of the complainant or in certain cases with the additional backing of the court. The stage of the criminal proceedings at which the composition is sought to be made. Compounding of offences terminates the legal proceedings against the offender and the offender is entitled to an acquittal. When the law has allowed the compounding of offence as per the protocol laid down by the CrPC, there can be no question of such compounding being opposed to public policy within the meaning of Section 23 of the ICA, 1872. Any agreement between an injured person and the offender to terminate criminal proceedings where recourse has not been had to this section immediately falls foul of Sec 23 of the ICA as it does not possess the sanction of the law. Except for Section 320, the concept of negotiated settlement of criminal cases is not permissible, as it is settled law that a case has to be decided on its merits alone and not on the basis of plea bargaining . The Rationale Of Compounding Of Offences- Ordinarily it is the state that has the right or power to punish offenders, although individuals might be directly and personally aggrieved by the commission of the offence. Criminal law regards the punishment imposed by the law at the instance of the state on the offender as the proper and sufficient satisfaction, not only for the society as a whole but also for individuals personally aggrieved by the offence. But in the case of certain offences the law permits the aggrieved person himself to receive satisfaction other than actual punishment in the substitution of the punishment. It is for such offences, which can be labelled as offences which are not very grave or serious in the eyes of a reasonable individual, that the law allows the offences to be compounded. The express policy of the law of Section 320 is to promote friendliness between the parties so that peace is restored  [3]  . The rationale of compounding can be better understood through an analysis of those cases where compounding is not permissible. Offences under Section 143, 147 and 148 of the IPC are not compoundable under any circumstances, because the legislature views them as offences concerning persons other than those immediately involved; such cases cannot be concluded because of a reconciliation of the immediate parties involved as they are not private offences .but offences which affect the public at large  [4]  . From an assessment of this, it is not difficult to understand the basis of the classification of compoundable offences, offences compoundable with the sanction of the court and offences not compoundable at all. It is the degree of wrong done to the state by the commission of the offence that appears to be the basis of the distinction between compoundable offences and offences compoundable only with the permission of the court. The petty wrongs done to citizens, which do not seriously affect the interests of the community or the state are compoundable by the injured party without any reference to the state. The next class of offences, where sanction of the court is necessary to compound, consists of cases where the injury to the state is recognised, but the state considers it expedient in given cases, on the basis of the discretion exercised by a judicial authority, to permit the aggrieved party to compound the offence. The Distinction Between Withdrawal And Composition- Although the end effect of a withdrawal and a composition is essentially the same i.e acquittal of the accused at any time before a judgment is passed, there are certain differences between the two. Firstly, a withdrawal must be by intimation to the magistrate holding the trial whereas in several instances enumerated in Section 320(1) composition can be effected without the permission of the court. Secondly, withdrawal is a unilateral act of the complainant alone whereas composition presupposes some kind of arrangement between the complainant and the accused  [5]  . Thirdly, on withdrawal of the complaint the magistrate can award compensation to the accused but compensation cannot be awarded when a case is compounded. In a nutshell, whether the petition praying that the case be struck off the file is a withdrawal or a composition, is to be judged from the fact whether the accused consented to it or not. The Settlement Of Disputes At Sebi Incorporating The Concept of Compounding- At the Securities and Exchange Board of India, in Administrative/Civil enforcement actions  [6]  before the Securities Courts or the Securities Appellate Tribunal (SAT), a settlement may be reached between the regulator and a person (Party) who may prima facie be found to have violated securities laws. Such a settlement is known as a consent order and through the process of compounding the accused pays compounding charges in lieu of undergoing consequences of prosecution. It has been stated through SEBI circulars that such an arrangement provides flexibility of wider array of enforcement and remedial actions which will achieve the twin goals of an appropriate sanction, remedy and deterrance without resorting to litigation, lengthy proceedings and consequent delays. Scope Of Compounding In The CrPC Certain Permissible Actions Within The Ambit of Section 320- If the accused brings to the notice of the courts that there has been an agreement between the two parties, then the complainant is questioned by the magistrate and on his affirmation of the claims made the accused is acquitted. In case of a disagreement between the parties as to whether the composition took place or not, although there is no provision for the same, the magistrate will initiate an evidence-finding enquiry to determine the veracity of the accuseds claims  [7]  . The controversy over whether an offence under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act 1881 could be compounded with conflicting judgments of the Madhya Pradesh  [8]  and Andhra Pradesh High Courts  [9]  has been resolved by the Parliament when it amended Section 147 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, making all offences under the Act compoundable. A matter may be compounded at any stage under this section before a sentence is pronounced and a magistrate cannot refuse to accept a petition of compromise even if it is filed at a time when the judgment was being written  [10]  . Actions Which Outside the Scope of Section 320- A compromise has the immediate effect of acquittal so as to deprive the magistrate of his jurisdiction to try the case, the subsequent withdrawal from it by either of the two parties can neither affect the acquittal nor revive the jurisdiction of the magistrate to proceed with the case  [11]  . It has been held that the discretion granted to magistrates must be exercised by them with caution, especially in those cases where the offences are of a serious nature  [12]  . A composition has the effect of acquittal only in respect of the offence which has been compounded, and not of any other offence or offences for which the accused is charged in the same case  [13]  . It is established law since pre-independence that the compounding of offences is a judicial act, the discretion of which lies with the magistrate, and the police has no authority to interfere in these matters, and the magistrate should not take the opinion of the police in such matters  [14]  . It has been held in the case of Mangilal V. State  [15]  , that acquittal under Section 320(8) can follow only when it was a lawful compromise not made under coercion or duress or other similar circumstances vitiating the compromise. If the accused is charged with two offences, one of which is compoundable and the other is non-compoundable, a composition in respect of the compoundable offence will not acquit the accused of the non-compoundable offence  [16]  . Contentious Areas In The Implementation Of Section 320 Ambiguity in the law over the compounding of certain non-compoundable offences- One set of decisions suggests that Section 320 (9) is very explicit in its understanding and the HC, under the exercise of its statutory jurisdiction cannot vary or amend this statutory provision under Section 482. Those offences not mentioned in the section cannot be compounded, as the section is exhaustive of the law of composition  [17]  . Thus, the composition of one offence will not bar prosecution for a distinct offence which the accused might have been charged with on the same facts  [18]  . Another set of decisions hold that in the matrimonial disputes between husband and wife, it is the duty of the court to encourage genuine settlement between them and after the initiation of proceedings under Section 498-A of the IPC, if the wife wishes to settle the dispute, then her petition to quash proceedings under Section 482 should be allowed as Section 320 does not affect or limit the power of the High Court to quash criminal proceedings  [19]  . There have been very many instances where non-compoundable offences have been compounded by Indian courts on the reasoning that natural justice would demand in those cases that the offences be compounded in light of the peculiar facts and circumstances. As an illustration, an offence under Section 307, which is neither listed under 320(1) nor 320(2), was allowed to be compounded by the Supreme Court in Mahesh Chand V. State  [20]  . The Malimath Committee Report The suggestion of pre-trial sittings. The Committee is in favour of giving a role to the victim in the negotiation leading to settlement of criminal cases either through courts, Lok Adalats or Plea-bargaining. The Committee is of the opinion that there should be pre-trial sittings, which would in turn facilitate compounding of offences. This calls for the court to adopt a more interventionist and authoritative role than has been traditionally observed in identifying the issues for trial and in securing the proper preparation by both parties to deal efficiently with them. This in turn requires adequate preparation, not only by the parties and their advocates, but also by the Judge with the benefit of sufficient time out of court in which to do it. Provisions for such pretrial sittings have been made in several countries. The suggestion of an arrears eradication scheme The committee also suggested the setting up of the arrears eradication scheme, whereby the services of the appointed judge, ideally a dynamic problem solving person, could be utilized for the compounding or quick settlement of cases. The committee feels that plea-bargaining is a very viable alternative when it comes to the quick settlement of cases where the accused is penitent, and its usage and success in the USA suggests the same. Also it is felt that Section 360 of the CrPC (Order to release on probation of good conduct or after admonition) is underutilized. The caveat would be that unlike the USA where it is available for all offences, it not be extended for offences against women and children. Also it has to be well administered to prevent misuses, so that the taint of legalizing a crime not be attached to it. Another recommendation as part of the arrears eradication scheme is that part time courts may also sit on holidays. Part time courts can conveniently be assigned compoundable cases for settlement. The benefit of compounding of offences recommended by this Committee is advised to be extended to pending cases as well. A concerted effort should be made to dispose of the cases by compounding or settlement wherever that is permissible in law, it has been suggested. If the compounding offences is there in the statute even under old Cr.P.C. there is no reason why, when the accused is not let off but he is sentenced for a lesser sentence plea bargaining should not be included in the Criminal Justice System, so that the object of securing conviction and also reducing the period of trial can be achieved and reduced pendency can also be achieved in one go. Primary recommendation with regards to compounding of offences However, the Committee is of the view that in addition to the offences prescribed in the Code as compoundable with or without the order of the court there are many other offences which deserve to be included in the list of compoundable offences. Where the offences are not of a serious character and the impact is mainly on the victim and not on the values of the society, it is desirable to encourage settlement without trial. The Committee feels that many offences should be added to the table in 320(1) of the Code of Criminal Procedure. The Committee further recommends offences which are compoundable with the leave of the court, may be made compoundable without the leave of the court. These are matters which should be entrusted to the Committee. In certain cases, the committee has suggested that certain acts be given only a minor punishment as meting out imprisonment leads to social stigma, which can further lead to more offences by that individual. Hence even in this regard of the rec lassification of offences into major and minor offences, the compounding of offences plays a major role. Specific recommendation to address the ambiguity over section 498-A Section 498-A of the IPC is provision which is intended to protect the wife from being subjected by the husband or his relatives to cruelty. But what has bothered the Committee are the provisions which make this offence non-bailable and non-compoundable. As this offence is made non-bailable and not compoundable it make reconciliation and returning to marital home almost impossible This view of the Malimath committee finds support in the judgment of the Bombay HC in the case of Suresh V. State  [21]  where the learned judge recommended that the parliament amend article 320 to include 498 A in the list compoundable offences. Reasoning of the committee The woman victim lodges an F.I.R alleging commission of offence under Section 498A, her husband, in-laws and other relatives of the husband would be arrested immediately. If she has no independent source of income she has to return to her natal family where also support may not be forthcoming. Her claim for maintenance would be honoured more in default than in payment especially if the husband has lost his job or suspended from his job due to the arrest. Where maintenance is given, it is often a paltry sum. (Thus the woman is neither here nor there. She has just fallen from the frying pan into the fire.) Even when there is a divorce, or reconciliation, the criminal case continues as Section 498A is non compoundable. If the wife feels that she was very impulsive when she made the complaint, and she wants to withdraw it, there are several legal obstacles in the way owing to the offence being non-compoundable.- She may change her mind and get into the mood to forget and forgive. The husband may realize the mistakes committed and come forward to turn a new leaf for a loving and cordial relationship. The woman may like to seek reconciliation. But this may not be possible due to the legal obstacles. Even if she wishes to make amends by withdrawing the complaint, she can not do so as the offence is non compoundable. The doors for returning to family life stand closed. She is thus left at the mercy of her natal family The committees conclusion This section, therefore, helps neither the wife nor the husband. The offence being non-bailable and non-compoundable makes an innocent person undergo stigmatization and hardship. Heartless provisions that make the offence non-bailable and non-compoundable operate against reconciliations. It is therefore necessary to make this offence (a) bailable and (b) compoundable to give a chance to the spouses to come together. The committee report mentions at several places that the list of compoundable offences be enlarged, for the purposes of speedy justice and its belief that such modes of settlement of cases do not offend any principles of criminal lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦although it fails to mention what these offences are. All these recommendations have been incorporated into the crpc through the latest amendments. Conclusion